Circulatory System Essay -- essays research papers

Circulatory SystemA simple definition for the circulatory governance would be that it is the main transportation and cooling establishment for the body. Red Blood Cells have an important job in this form in that they carry all told sorts of packages that are needed by all the cells in the body. Red neckcloth cells carry atomic number 8 and nutrients to the cells, which is needed in order for cells to survive. Be boldnesss red family cells there are also White Blood Cells moving in the circulatory system. White Blood Cells can be considered as the paramedics, police and highroad cleaners of the circulatory system. Anytime we have a cold, a cut, or an infection the white blood cells go to work. From research I also came to find let out that white blood cells also help cuts or wounds to heal quicker. Something I did not know was that puss which appears during an infection are actually white blood cells that are attacking the infection.The highway system of the Circulatory Syst em consists off a lot of one-way streets. The main routes used by the circulatory system are the veins and arteries. Veins are used to carry blood to the heart. Arteries then carry blood away from the heart. Most of the time, blood in the veins is blood where most of the atomic number 8 and nutrients have already been delivered to the cells. This blood is called deoxygenated and is very dark red. Most of the time blood in the arteries is loaded with oxygen and nutrients and the color is very bright red. there is one artery that carries deoxygenated blood and there are some veins that carry oxygenated blood. In order to get more research on this I had to serve up some information on the heart and lungs.The heart is not hard to imagine in ones mind because it is simply a two sided, quartet chambered pump. The heart is mostly made of muscle and is very unique because it is the only muscle that does not become tired like other muscles. . venture what would happen if every 15 minute s or so ones heart becomes tired and decides to take a little break If this were to happen it basically operator that in a few moments ones circulatory system will shut down since the heart is the powerhouse of this system. Since it never rest, the heart muscle is always expanding and contracting, usually at between 60 and 100 beats per minute. Since the heart is divided into two sections this means that each section has a specific job. The right side of the heart ... ...ch it is then distributed to the rest of the body. The descending aorta goes behind the heart and down the center of the body. From the aorta, blood is sent off to many other arteries and arterioles (very small arteries) where it gives oxygen and nutrition to every cell in the body. At the end of the arterioles are, guess what, capillaries. The blood gives up its cargo as it passes through the capillaries and enters the venous system. The venous system carries the blood back to the heart. The blood flows from the capillaries, to venues (very small veins), to veins. The two largest veins in the body are the superior and inferior vena cavas. The superior vena cava carries the blood from the swiftness part of the body to the heart. The inferior vena cava carries the blood from the lower body to the heart. . Many people believe that the blood in the veins is blue but in actuality it is not. Venous blood is really dark red or maroon in color. Veins do have a bluish appearance and this may be why people think venous blood is blue. Both the superior and inferior vena cava ends in the right atrium. The superior vena cava enters from the top and the inferior vena cava enters from the bottom.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay -- Health

Many women that become pregnant are unaware of the consequences of drinking alcohol during pregnancy and the damaging effects it has on the fetus. When a woman who is pregnant drinks alcohol, the baby is also drinking alcohol. Furthermore, the amount of alcohol that is consumed by the come is the same amount the baby receives through the mothers placenta. Many doctors advise that it is okay for the mother to lease an occasional drink, however, some women cannot stop at one drink, and they handle to drink in excess throughout their pregnancy. Still, even moderate consumption of alcohol is not wise, because it is still unknown how much alcohol the fetus is able to tolerate without potential harm. Consequently, a fetus that has been exposed to alcohol while in the mothers womb has a high probability of being born with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Women that want to become pregnant or are pregnant need to be educated on the effects that alcohol can have on the fetus and th e devastating result of having a child born with FAS. Fetal alcohol syndrome was first discovered and treated in the late 1960s in France and a few years later in the United States. This syndrome results from the toxic effect of alcohol and its chemical factors on the developing fetus and brain (Christensen 1). harmonize to many physicians and researchers, FAS is one of the leading causes of birth defects and develop amiable disabilities, along with Down syndrome and spina bifida in the U.S. Moreover, FAS is said to be the number one cause of nonhereditary mental retardation (Christensen 1). Out of each 10,000 children born in the U.S., between 3 and 30 suffer from FAS. The overwhelming effects of this condition can easily be prevented if the mothe... ...s work, but exactly how it happens is still under investigation. The research continues on the nutritional, hormonal and cellular events regulating fetal development to help guide early interventions in children with FAS. Educ ation on FAS should come from the womans doctor or a mandatory motherhood class, which could be provided at the physicians office, teaching the importance of taking care of the babys wellness during pregnancy. If a woman chooses not to take her babys welfare into consideration while she is pregnant, this should be considered gross negligence and should incur high penalties. The consequences of knowingly hurting the fetus could result in being imprisoned for a specific amount of time, rehabilitation if warranted, and or community service at a county facility that houses sight who have mental and or physical problems that stem from FAS.

Tourette Syndrome :: essays research papers

Tourette SyndromeTourette Syndrome was named for Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who firstdescribed the syndrome in 1885. Although the disease was determine in 1885,today in 1996, in that location still is a mystery surrounding Tourette Syndrome, itscauses and possible cures. Tourette Syndrome is a neurological distemper thatresearchers believe is caused by and perverted metabolism of theneurotransmitters dopamire and serotonin. It is genetically transmitted frompargonnt to child. There is a fifty per centum chance of passing the gene on fromparent to child (Gaffy,Ottinger). Those intimately at risk are sons of mothers withTourette Syndrome. About three-quarters of Tourette Syndrome patients are male.Males with the disorder have a ninety-nine percent chance of displaying symptoms.Females, have a seventy percent chance of displaying symptoms. This ration of3-41 for males and females may be accounted for by referral bias. Also, thereis a frequent number of reported cases within t he Mennonite religious isolate macrocosm in Canada. The specific genetic transmission however, has not beenestablished. Some researchers believe that the mar is on an autosomal dominanttrait. Some cases however are sporadic, and there may not be a link to familyhistory involved. These cases are mild however, and not full blown. The onsetof Tourette Syndrome must be before the mount of fifteen, and usually occurs afterthe age of two. The mean age onset of motor tics is seven. The mean age onsetfor vocal tics is nine. In order for a soulfulness to be classified as havingTourette Syndrome they must have both multiple motor tics and vocal tics. Thesetics however do not have to occur everyday. In fact, affected individuals mayrarely exhibit all of the symptoms, or all of the tics. The vocal and motor ticsmust also occur within the same year, for a person to be classified as havingTourette Syndrome. Symptoms can disappear for weeks or months at a time.However if people afflicted with th e syndrome try and suppress their tics, they go forth re occur with increased ferver. Tics increase as a result of tension orstress, and decrease with relaxation or concentration on fascinating a task.Tics are classified into two groups complex and simple tics. Simpletics are movements or vocalizations which are completely uncomprehendable andmeaningless to those not suffering from the disorder (Peiss). Complex tics aremovements or vocalizations which make use of more than one muscle group toappear to be meaningful (Peiss). Simple motor tics are eye blinking, headjerking, shoulder shrugging or facial grimacing. Simple vocal tics are throatclearing, coughing, snorting, baiting, yelping.

Popularity - Writing To Reflect :: essays research papers

I want to talk about the thing that strives many teens have to be popular in schoolhouses. It seems as though that popularity is a main issue to teens. The need to feel accepted by others in order to be the focus on of attention, and the need to be distinguished greatly from everyone else is a strong force that exposes itself to nearly all teens at school. We spend most of our historic period at school, and bring well-known can almost seem to complete an emptyness that we feel. generality may not always in fact be as fulfilling as it may seem. I do agree that we all have the need to feel wanted yet when is enough, enough? Personally, Ive seen many situations when the elevation of popularity brought upon many other issues. Popular students usally have to create a certain personality that is diverse from their own, and they must always have that particular personality all the time to keep up their prevalent focus from others. This can be usually seen as the popular athletic team captain or the optimistic cheerleader. During the process in comely more recognized, some end up hurting others for their own means of reaching that point. I remember a time a few years back when I had a group of fairly close friends. We would always hang out with eachother and we would await the day at which we were to enter high school together. When we finally reached high school, there where now a whole new group of people that were older than I. I still had my group of friends, but bit by bit I started to lose one of them. My friend was going a bring forwardst my other schoolmate, and before I knew it I was hurling the same insults as they were. It was all part of a process a process, I thought, was going to make me popular. I thought that if I could make someone look lower than I was, I would gain self-confidence and become more popular. As it turned out it was not the case. I had lost a good friend, all for a selfish primer coat to get a good reputaion at school. In the en d I ended up only hurting myself. I couldnt carry the baggage I had, knowing I had hurt someone who was close to me. There shouldnt be a need to become popular, there may be a few benefits, but it never lasts for long.

Presidential Election 2000 :: essays research papers

Presidential Campaign 2000     In the presidential campaign for the year 2000, there are a small number of custody running for the spot, and all these men have unlike opinions on different issues. In this paper, some of the issues and opinions of Ralph Nader from the Green fellowship, Al bloodshed from the Democratic Party and republican George W. scrubbing have been highlighted.     To start off, the issue of Abortion is big these days. Do we let women do it or non? Democratic Candidate Al jury personally opposes spontaneous abortion, but thinks that it is up to the woman if she losss to abort her plunder. Al gore does not think that it is the governments right to tell women what they can and cannot do about it. "Youre not going to stop abortions," Gore said.      Unlike Gore, Republican Candidate George W. Bush is pro life with the exception of itch by rape, incest and the life of the produce. He has s ink the goal that all children should be welcomed in life and protected by law. Bush supports efforts to increase adoptions and opposes it and calls it doctor assisted suicide. He believes the role of a doctor is to relieve pain and suffering, not to end life.     Green Party Candidate Ralph Nader says that his run doesnt affect abortion rights, and that we should work toward preventing the necessity of abortion. He vaguely says that he thinks that women should privately decide to use RU-486 if they want to and that the government should not decide for them.     My view on abortion is that it is up to the mother whether she wants to do it or not. It all depends on the situation. I think that if the baby is conceived due to rape or incest, then it is ok to abort it, but if the baby is made due to carelessness, then it is the parents responsibility to take care of it. word sense is always an option. The next issue is gun control in the United St ates. feebleness President Al Gore is for gun control. He thinks that we should focus on gun synthetic rubber, not hunters & sportsmen and that we should restrict guns from wrong hands, not sportsmen & homeowners. He thinks that there should be gun licensing by states, but no accommodation and that there should be no special lawsuit protection for gun makers. Gore wants mandatory background checks before the gun is sold and child safety locks.Presidential Election 2000 essays research papers Presidential Campaign 2000     In the presidential campaign for the year 2000, there are a small number of men running for the spot, and all these men have different opinions on different issues. In this paper, some of the issues and opinions of Ralph Nader from the Green Party, Al Gore from the Democratic Party and Republican George W. Bush have been highlighted.     To start off, the issue of Abortion is big these days. Do we let women do it o r not? Democratic Candidate Al Gore personally opposes abortion, but thinks that it is up to the woman if she wants to abort her baby. Al Gore does not think that it is the governments right to tell women what they can and cannot do about it. "Youre not going to stop abortions," Gore said.      Unlike Gore, Republican Candidate George W. Bush is pro life with the exception of baby by rape, incest and the life of the mother. He has set the goal that all children should be welcomed in life and protected by law. Bush supports efforts to increase adoptions and opposes it and calls it doctor assisted suicide. He believes the role of a doctor is to relieve pain and suffering, not to end life.     Green Party Candidate Ralph Nader says that his run doesnt affect abortion rights, and that we should work toward preventing the necessity of abortion. He vaguely says that he thinks that women should privately decide to use RU-486 if they want to a nd that the government should not decide for them.     My view on abortion is that it is up to the mother whether she wants to do it or not. It all depends on the situation. I think that if the baby is conceived due to rape or incest, then it is ok to abort it, but if the baby is made due to carelessness, then it is the parents responsibility to take care of it. Adoption is always an option. The next issue is gun control in the United States. Vice President Al Gore is for gun control. He thinks that we should focus on gun safety, not hunters & sportsmen and that we should restrict guns from wrong hands, not sportsmen & homeowners. He thinks that there should be gun licensing by states, but no registration and that there should be no special lawsuit protection for gun makers. Gore wants mandatory background checks before the gun is sold and child safety locks.

Presidential Election 2000 :: essays research papers

Presidential Ctype Aaign 2000     In the presidential campaign for the year 2000, there are a small offspring of men running for the spot, and all these men have different opinions on different issues. In this paper, some of the issues and opinions of Ralph Nader from the ballpark ships company, Al Gore from the Democratic Party and Republican George W. Bush have been highlighted.     To start off, the issue of Abortion is blown-up these days. Do we let women do it or not? Democratic prognosis Al Gore personally opposes abortion, just hypothecates that it is up to the woman if she wants to abort her baby. Al Gore does not think that it is the governments right to tell women what they can and cannot do nigh it. "Youre not going to stop abortions," Gore said.      Unlike Gore, Republican Candidate George W. Bush is pro life with the exception of baby by rape, incest and the life of the mother. He has set the g oal that all infantren should be welcomed in life and defend by law. Bush supports efforts to increase adoptions and opposes it and calls it doctor assisted suicide. He believes the region of a doctor is to relieve pain and suffering, not to end life.     Green Party Candidate Ralph Nader says that his run doesnt affect abortion rights, and that we should work toward preventing the fatality of abortion. He vaguely says that he thinks that women should privately decide to usage RU-486 if they want to and that the government should not decide for them.     My view on abortion is that it is up to the mother whether she wants to do it or not. It all depends on the situation. I think that if the baby is conceived due to rape or incest, then it is ok to abort it, but if the baby is made due to handlelessness, then it is the parents responsibility to take care of it. Adoption is always an option. The next issue is taw control in the fall in S tates. Vice President Al Gore is for gun control. He thinks that we should counsel on gun safety, not hunters & sportsmen and that we should restrict guns from wrong hands, not sportsmen & homeowners. He thinks that there should be gun licensing by states, but no registration and that there should be no special lawsuit protection for gun makers. Gore wants mandatory background checks before the gun is sold and child safety locks.Presidential Election 2000 essays research papers Presidential Campaign 2000     In the presidential campaign for the year 2000, there are a small number of men running for the spot, and all these men have different opinions on different issues. In this paper, some of the issues and opinions of Ralph Nader from the Green Party, Al Gore from the Democratic Party and Republican George W. Bush have been highlighted.     To start off, the issue of Abortion is big these days. Do we let women do it or not? Democrat ic Candidate Al Gore personally opposes abortion, but thinks that it is up to the woman if she wants to abort her baby. Al Gore does not think that it is the governments right to tell women what they can and cannot do about it. "Youre not going to stop abortions," Gore said.      Unlike Gore, Republican Candidate George W. Bush is pro life with the exception of baby by rape, incest and the life of the mother. He has set the goal that all children should be welcomed in life and protected by law. Bush supports efforts to increase adoptions and opposes it and calls it doctor assisted suicide. He believes the role of a doctor is to relieve pain and suffering, not to end life.     Green Party Candidate Ralph Nader says that his run doesnt affect abortion rights, and that we should work toward preventing the necessity of abortion. He vaguely says that he thinks that women should privately decide to use RU-486 if they want to and that the gov ernment should not decide for them.     My view on abortion is that it is up to the mother whether she wants to do it or not. It all depends on the situation. I think that if the baby is conceived due to rape or incest, then it is ok to abort it, but if the baby is made due to carelessness, then it is the parents responsibility to take care of it. Adoption is always an option. The next issue is gun control in the United States. Vice President Al Gore is for gun control. He thinks that we should focus on gun safety, not hunters & sportsmen and that we should restrict guns from wrong hands, not sportsmen & homeowners. He thinks that there should be gun licensing by states, but no registration and that there should be no special lawsuit protection for gun makers. Gore wants mandatory background checks before the gun is sold and child safety locks.

Lost, Alone but Free At Last

Run, get into the house, QUICK Hans Wenger shouted out to his family. They were being chased by the German Authorities. Not because they were criminals, but because they were Jews living in Nazi Germany, 1940. They had been hiding from the authorities for almost a year. Hans family consisted of his wife Anneliese and their three children Leila, 11, Leopold, 9 and Greta, 8, they meant everything to Hans and he would turn over his give life to keep them safe. Once the family were safe inside the basement of the old aband unmatchabled house Hans sit on the edge of an ancient, mouldy sofa. Greta jumped up onto his knee with an innocent smile on her face. Just the path Hans wish it, his children not knowing how unsafe they were.Daddy, why were those people trying to catch us? Are we in trouble? We always run away from them Daddy, why? Hans face fell, Greta knew something was wrong. It was what he feared the most, and he knew he had to explain somehow.Liebliag, you do know who Hitler is , yes? Hans olfactory sensationed at Greta, who was shaking her head, her little blonde curls bouncing, well Greta, he is the leader of Germany, which means he gets to decide everything that happens in the country. But, Hitler doesnt like Jews and he wants to make them all melt to certain areas and work for him. Hans dreaded his little girls reply, his heart thumping he waited while watching her mind at work and her little face screwed up in thought.Daddy, cant we stop being Jewish because then we provide be safe from Hitler and we wouldnt have to work for him Gretas face lit up as she verbalize it, as though she had just discovered electricity. Hans felt his tears well up as he watched his daughter, oblivious to life and danger.After the children were all en reason up safely in bed, aeternal sleep with the faint sound of snoring, Hans and Anneliese looked on lovingly from the corner of the basement.I would never be able to forgive myself if our children end up being sent to a death camp, there would be no chance of us surviving as a family, and Ive been mooting, and it pains me to secernate this, but we need to send them away to an opposite country. Theyre not safe here, and I cannot rest until I know that they are forever free from this danger. Hans was at a time again welling up, after saying it aloud, it memorisemed real as if he was going away to lose his children, a thought too painful for him to even think to the highest degree.Liebliag, I think youre right, they arent safe and they dont deserve to be put through the torture of a death camp, they arent physically or emotionally strong enough, I think we should send them to England, it volition be hard, but for the best. Anneliese by now was also fighting back the tears. Sat on the cold, hard floor arm in arm, rocking to and thro, both crying at the thought of the most painful respectablebyes waiting for them in the future.The next morning, Hans and Anneliese told their children the news. His heart pounding against his chest, Hans prepared to break the silence, his childrens excited faces flavor towards him.Dad can we attend school again? Leilas eyes glistening with hope that she was right and could be reunited with her education and friends.Can we go to the shops on our own? Theres a new chocolate bar that I really want to try. The sweet shop down the road is selling them Leopold asked excitement in his voice, as he was thinking about chocolate and outings to the sweet shop when he behaves well in school.Are we going to be sent to a modified part of Germany for the Jews, Daddy? I dont want to work for Hitler Eyes full to the brim with fear, Greta looked scared and vulnerable. She may have been the young personest, but she was definitely the most observing to her parents upset faces.Once again, Hans and Anneliese were sat arm in arm at the corner of the basement, looking at their childrens content faces, wondering what amazing dreams they were having about going on holiday for the first time. They were all excited when Hans broke the news, Anneliese sobbing next to him.Theyd given up the fight to stay away from them. But it wasnt good enough. They got caught. Now Anneliese and Hans were saying there last goodbyes to each other. Heartbreakingly painful, but it didnt matter. There hearts had already been shattered beyond repair, when they had to say goodbye to there children Leila, Leopold and Greta. Hans and Anneliese were about to board different cattle trains and when they got off, they knew that everything was going to change, and nothing would be the same. Death camps. Even the thought sent shivers up theyre spines. They knew that they would never square up each other again, which made it harder. But they got separated and pushed away from each other before they even had the chance to say goodbye.This is it thought Anneliese, Ill just fight for option, my children will see me again, theyre who matter. They deserve to be reunited with at l east one parent, but Hans is a fighter hell fight for survival too.After a year at Ravensbrck engrossment Camp for Women, Annelieses strength had been replaced with weakness. She was now a shy women too scared to talk to anybody after her one and only friend at the camp Klara, died, she was broken by machinery, as it happened the guards would let no one try and help. Anneliese had to do heavy labour work, from the break of dawn until the sunset at dusk. She got little sleep and ate just about nothing.All Anneliese could think about, no matter how hard she was working, was her children. So many questions were going through her mind. Had they all made the locomote to Newquay, Cornwall by themselves? Was Greta still observant to everything around her? Was Leila being educated again? Was Leopold looking after his sisters? Had they learnt English? She thought about how grown up her children would look now, the girls beautiful and her little man handsome, like his father. But every tim e they were pictured in her head, she fought that little bit more, edging closer and closer to survival and freedom.Four painful years later, Anneliese won her battle. She had survived and she was going to go back to her house. When she got there, she wished she hadnt. She was expecting there to be a few belongings in the basement shed lived in with her family for so long. But nothing. The walls were now jet black, ash on the floor and just a few remnants of what had been there before. It was obvious that someone had set come alive to the basement, most definitely the German Authorities, they knew Jews lived here. Anneliese was determined than ever to find her children in England.In England, Leila was sat indoors about to blow out the candles on the cake, it was her sixteenth birthday. There was no need for her to think of her wish. It had been the same wish for five years now and it wasnt going to change until it came true. I wish I could see my parents again. There, shed wished it once again. But Leila Wenger knew that if she wished hard enough then it would come true. After Leila had unwrapped her presents, she ran upstairs. She was able to read the letter that her mother had written before they leftover Germany.Leila Open on your 16th birthday and not a day beforeLiebliag, this is the hardest letter I have ever had to write, but its to explain why you havent had me and your father in your life for so long. We have sent you to England because it was the only place that you would be truly safe. After you leave the country, your father and I will be sent to a concentration camp. This is because of our religion and Hitler the leader doesnt think that Jews are worthy of living. Of course, we are, so never doubt your religion. I dont know if we will ever see each other again, so I have enclosed photos, one of the whole family, one of you, Leopold and Greta and one of your father and I. Never go away us, because we will always be with you. Happy Birthday Lie bliagIch liebe dich, dein MuttiAfter Leila had finished the letter she collapsed onto her bed in tears. She now knew that her wish would never come true, her parents were pulseless and she was the one that had to tell her little sister. How could she tell a 13 year old that her parents were dead? This wasnt going to be easy, she had to be subtle. This was definitely the worst birthday Leila had ever had and she wasnt happy about it. After an hour of crying into her pillow, Leila went downstairs as if everything was normal.Victoria, please may I go out for a manner of walking? Leila asked Victoria, the kind woman that took Leila and Greta in, and cared for them as if they were her own flesh and blood.Yes of course Leila, but be sure to be back within an hour Victoria never liked Leila or Greta being outside for more than an hour at a time, there were still people that hated Germans and anything could happen out there.Leila went to the park and sat on the swings, just gathering up h er thoughts and thinking about how to tell Greta about the letter. She supposed she ought to tell Victoria as well. It was such a poisonous day, and her wish is dead, on with her parents.As Leila made her way to the park gate she had no idea who else was in Newquay.The address said Beachfield Avenue, off Bank Street. Anneliese knew that she was close to seeing her children again. She just kept walking along Bank Street, past the bakers and a tasteful shoe shop. There, Anneliese stopped dead in her tracks. The sign on the side of the sweet shop had written on it Beachfield Avenue. Leopold must love living here, a sweet shop so near She was on a mission, and that was to find her children.She walked at a fast pace along the road counting the numbers as she went 1.. 3.. 5.. she had a little while until she got to 31. As she walked along the road she started preparing what to say. What if her children didnt recognise her? 27.. 29.. 31.. This was it. She was just about to walk up the st eps to the front door when she turned around. There behind her was a pretty young girl, couldnt be any more than 16, blonde hair, green eyes.Excuse me.. but you, wouldnt happen to know if.. three children lived here? Anneliese had never felt so nauseating in her life, what if this was the wrong address. Two girls and a boy?Im sorry, but do you mean Leila, Leopold and Greta? The mysterious girl was looking at Anneliese with interest, she had a German emphasis and there werent any of those around here.Yes Yes Those are the children Im looking for Do you know where they are? Anneliese was now so excited she couldnt help smiling, for first time in years and instantly Anneliese knew everything would be OK.I do know exactly where all three are, but please what is your name?My name? Well, its Anneliese Wenger. Why?Its me Mutti, Leila. I read your letter only 2 hours ago, I thought you were dead Leila was so happy, excited and joyful. She knew that if she wished hard enough it would come true. Her mother had come all this way to find them.Please Mutti, come inside and meet Victoria, shes the lady thats been looking after us and Greta, shell be so happy to see you She always dialogue about you and father Leila was so excited about introducing her mother to Victoria.After a long day Anneliese, Leila, Greta and Victoria sat squashed on one sofa. Greta on her mothers lap, Leila clinging onto her arm and Victoria on the other side of Anneliese, the two of them talking like sisters. The mo was almost perfect. The only thing wrong with the moment was Anneliese had lost a husband and a son, while her children had lost a father and a brother.Hans Wenger died in 1943 at Auschwitz Concentration CampLeopold Wenger died in 1940 during the journey to England due to poor hygiene

Hutu Tribe

Hutu The mention of the word Hutu immediately conjures up images of mass murder from the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The recent film Hotel Rwanda brought the horrible atrocities of that genocide to the public eye. However, it is not only in Rwanda that the Hutu have been involved in ethnic war. The country of Burundi, a neighbor to Rwanda, was the site of the first violence between the Hutu and the Tutsi. The Hutu people of Burundi have a rich culture and history that has been largely overshadowed by ethnic conflict. The Hutu argon a Bantu tribe numbering ab push through thirteen million (Newbury 2001).Traditionally the Hutu organized themselves in clans and family groups through patrilineal decent (Ndarishikanye 1998). Within these groups they practiced polygyny and bridewealth as part of the institution of marriage (McDonald et. al 1969). Like many African tribes the Hutus religious beliefs include the spirit world. The supreme God Imana is seen as the bestower of all good while ther e argon lesser spirits who do evil (book). The Hutu inhabit the high plateau of the central African jailbreak Valley and inhabited 85% of Rwanda and Burundi before the ethnic wars in those countries (CIA World Factbook).The Hutu inhabit diverse geographies. In the southeast region of the Rwanda and Burundi territorial dominion there are open grasslands which are ideal for pastoral people. In the western region of the countries there are mountains. The west is good land for market-gardening because it reliably receives rainfall. In the northeast there are lowlands that are along Lake Tanganyika (Newbury, 2001). This vast array of ecologies provides different possibilities for food production or procurement.The Hutu are traditionally agriculturalist save they did get involved in herding cattle because of the c droply related Tutsi tribe. The Hutu wanted cattle and the Tutsi wanted laborers. To appease both groups, agreements called ubuhake were made. These agreements exchanged th e Tutsi cattle for the Hutu labor. In other words when a Hutu entered this agreement he received cattle but in return became submissive to a Tutsi owner (Louis 1963). This is one fountain that the minority Tutsi rose to control economics and rule over the majority Hutu, this would later lead to ethnic conflict.The ethnic conflict between the Tutsi and the Hutu is most noted in Rwanda but the Hutu of Burundi have also been severely affected by ethnic tension throughout the years. understanding the causes and effects of the violence is a part of understanding the history of the Hutu people. The causes of the ethnic tensions between the Hutu and Tutsi are not simply explained. In fact, in 1931 Bernard Zuure, a missionary with seventeen years of make believe in Burundi, noted that it was pointless to distinguish between the Hutu and Tutsi because their cultures were so similar (Zuure 1931).What then caused the separation between the two ethnicities? According to Alphonse Rugambarara the separation of identities came when there was a specific political agenda to create separate Tutsi and Hutu ideologies. These terms created animosity and dichotomist identities where there was actually little difference (Rugambarara 1990). The identities of Hutu and Tutsi were so significant that other ethnicities or social segregations became less important. The role of the Hutu as submissive to the Tutsi was engrained in society.An example of this is that in the Kirundi language (spoken by the Hutu) there is not a word alike to the English equality or liberty so Hutus could not even verbalize a desire for freedom (Lermarchand 1995). Given the strong individuation associated with ethnicity in Burundi the complications behind the explanation of the 1972 genocide are understandable. To get to the root of the problem or causes of the genocide is difficult because the perceptions of the Hutu and Tutsi about the conflict are very different (Lermachand 1995). Liisa Malkki studied H utu refugees in Tanzania who had fled from the genocide.She discovered that in the refugee gangs mythico-histories were created. These were stories or parables that the Hutu told which constructed their history and moral truths (Milkka, 1989). These stories were not necessarily untrue or true but they served to construct the identity of the Hutu and the cause of the genocide. The Hutu were not the only tribe developing mythico-histories. The truth is very hard to discern among many histories (Lermarchand 1995). Beyond the whys of the conflict we can conclude the whats. What actually took place in Burundi in 1972?In the spring of 1972 on April 29th the Hutu attempted a sedition against the ruling Tutsi. In response the Tutsi retaliated with warfare. Within several weeks roughly 100,000 people were killed in the ethnic conflict. Of the total population of Burundi 3. 5 percent were wiped out (Mikksa 1989). This was not the last of ethnic violence in Burundi. In 1993 the country saw more violence when its first Hutu president, Melchior Ndadaye, was assassinated (Lemarchand 2001). The Hutu reacted to the Tutsi murder of their president by killing an estimated 20,000 Tutsi in the two months following the assassination (Lemarchand 2001).Blame for the violence between the two ethnicities cannot be placed on one group or the other, they are both responsible. The history between the Tutsi and the Hutu is full of attack and reaction sequences. Both the Tutsi and the Hutu wanted to have, the last word. With a long history of violence between Tutsi and Hutu in Burundi there have been severe repercussions. The largest affect of the genocide has been the diaspora of Burundi. The conflict in Burundi created both Tutsi and Hutu refugees in search of safety.The UN Refugee Agency (UN Refugee Agency 2007) estimated in June 2007 that a total of 464,026 Burundians had been displaced from their homes. Of that group 48,144 had returned to Burundi and 396,541 were still in refuge e status (UN Refugee Agency 2007) Of the refugees still in refugee status, not including internally displaced persons (IDP) the UNHCR is assisting 164,191 (UN Refugee Agency 2007). What exactly do all these terms and numbers mean? Put simply they mean that there are hundreds of thousands of people who were forced or chased away from their homes and livelihoods.The UNHCR defines a refugee as a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a incident social group or political opinion and is unable or unwilling to avail himself/herself of the protection of that country, or to return there, for fear of persecution (UN Refugee Agency 2007) Under such conditions it is expected that any people group will undergo significant changes. Liisa Milkka has written a book about the refugee status of the Hutus in Tanzania.She spent one year in Tanzania studying two gro ups of refugees. galore(postnominal) refugees fled to Tanzania after the genocide of 1972 in Burundi. The first group lived in an isolated refugee camp and the other constituted near the townsfolk of Kigoma. The town refugees tended to be dispersed amongst non-refugees while the camp refugees were concentrated all in one place (Milkka 1989). Because of these arrangements the town refugees assimilated into the town culture. They took on many identities and did not solely live as Hutu or as refugees (Milkka 1992). Naturally it was more ifficult for the camp people to do the alike(p) because they had isolated themselves from the Tanzanians. The camp culture glorified the Hutu identity as the original inhabitants of Burundi who would one day return there to reestablish their kingdom (Milkka 1989). The status of refugee for these camp people was a great thing. It made them be engender a purer and more powerful Hutu (Milkka, 1992). These differences between refugee definitions of Hutu complicate the Hutu ethnicity further. Instead of creating more confusion and hesitancy for the Hutu there should be a movement toward unity.This is exactly the approach that the Burundi government has taken to appease the violence between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Instead of melodic phraseing differences the government wants to stress unity. By focusing on national unity, democracy, and individual rights the Burundi government has tried to dissolve ethnic tensions (Ndarishikany, 1998). Some discussion has been made about the win that could come from reinstating the Burundian abashingatahe (Herisse 2002), which in traditional Burundian society was a judge, moral interpreter and well respected man (Newbury, 2001).The abashingatahe served to reconcile families with communities, certify marriages, settle litigations, maintain peace, and in general speak in favor of human rights (Herisse 2002). It is argued that bringing this social force back into practice will begin to doctor socia l unity in Burundi. This may be just what the Hutu people need to come together and rebuild. The troubles of the genocides between the Tutsi and Hutu have strained both cultures. Many refugees created by the genocides in Rwanda and Burundi have integrated themselves into foreign cultures.Just an hour to the north of us there are Burundi refugees in the city of Buffalo. These refugees come to the US speaking little if any English. They eventually get jobs and become functioning civilians. As Burundians assimilate into American culture they will eventually lose some of their distinct cultural features. Understanding some of the history of Burundian Hutus and the reasons behind the ethnic conflict with the Tutsi can increase the effectiveness with which we servicing refugees integrate into American society. Works Citied CIA World Factbook. (Nov. 1 2007). Burundi.Retrieved Nov. 13, 2007. https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by. htmlPeople Lemarchand, Rene. (1998). Genocide in the Greak Lakes Which Genocide? Whose genocide? African Studies Review, 41, 3-16. Retrieved November 7, 2001, from JSTOR. Malkki, Liisa. (1992). National geographic The Rooting of Peoples and Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees. Cultural Anthropology, 7, 24-44. from JSTOR. Malkka, Liisa. (1989). Purity and Exile Transformations in Historical-National Consciousness among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania.Ann Arbor University Microfilsm. Malkki, Liisa H. (1996). Speechless Emissaries Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization. Cultural Anthropology, 11, 377-404. Retrieved November 11, 2007, from JSTOR. McDonald, Gordon C. Brenneman, Lyle E. , Hibbs, Roy V. , James Charlene, A. , Vincenti, Violeta. (1969). landing field handbook for Burundi. Ndarishikanye, Barnabe. (1998). The Question of the Protection of Minorities in Burundi. Issue A Journal of Opinion, 26, 5-9, Retrieved November 8, 2007, from JSTOR. Newbury, David. 2001) Precoloni al Burundi and Rwanda Local Loyalties, Regional Royalties. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 34,. 255-314. Retrieved November 8, 2007, from JSTOR. Rockfeler, Herisse, P. (2002). Democracy, governance and Conflict in Burundi. Peace Studies Journal. 1-10. Rugambarara, Alphonse. (1990). Conscience ethnique. Le Reveil, July-August, 35-40. The UN Refugee Agency. (daily updated). 2006 Refugee Statistics. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2007. http//www. unhcr. org/statistics/STATISTICS/4676a71d4. pdf. Zuure, Bernard. (1931). Lame du Murundi. Paris Beauchesne.

The Business Ethics Field of Study

The business morality field of study has evolved through five distinct stages. These stages are forwards 1960, the 1960s, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s. It also continues to evolve in the twenty-first century. With each stage come new changes. In the last 30 years the ethics field of study, starting time from the 1980s, has shown multiple changes. In 1980 business ethics was acknowledged as a field of study. A group of institutions with diverse interests promoted its study causing business ethics organizations to grow and include thousands of members.The 1980s also brought forth the development of the Defense Industry first step (DII) on Business Ethics and Conduct. This Defense Industry Initiative includes six principles. These six principles are as follows 1. Supports codes of conduct and their widespread distribution 2. subdivision companies are expected to provide ethics training for their employees as closely as continuous support between training periods. 3. Defense contractors must create an open atmosphere in which employees feel comfortable reporting violations without fearfulness of retribution. . Companies need to perform extensive internal audits and develop in effect(p) internal reporting and voluntary disclosure plans. 5. DII insists that member companies preserve the integrity of the defense industry. 6. Member companies must adopt a philosophy of public accountability. A nonher change that occurred during the 1980s was the lift of many tariffs and trade barriers, and businesses merged and divested within an increasingly emergence atmosphere.The fourth distinctive stage of the business ethics field that brought change over the last 30 years is the stage 1990s. In the 1990s sexual congress approved the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations. This set the tone for organizational good compliance programs in the 1990s. The guidelines broke new ground by codifying into law incentives to reward organizations for victorious ac tion to prevent misconduct such as developing effective internal ethical and legal compliance programs.Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations if a company lacks an effective ethical compliance program and its employees violate the law, they can incur severe penalties. The final change of the business ethics field that occurred in the last 30 years is from the twenty-first century. In 2002 Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to try and improve ethical standards in business. This new act made securities fraud a sad offense and stiffened penalties for corporate fraud. It also requires corporations to establish codes of ethics for financial reporting.In 2004 there was an amendment to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations that requires that a businesss governing authority be strong informed about its ethics program with respect to content, implementation, and effectiveness. All of these changes from the last 30 years have institutionalized the need t o discover and address ethical risks. The twenty-first century brought forth changes but also has challenges too. I think the biggest challenge to business ethics in the twenty-first century is the fact that not all business managers and executives have high ethical standards.Fraud is something that happens quite frequently in this century and its very unfortunate. There seems to be an increasing issue of businesses that need to improve their ethical standards and offer more training to prevent this. Business ethics is something that every company needs to take seriously and truly enforce within their employees. It will not only contribute to loyalty and employee commitment, but it will also contribute to customer satisfaction and profit

Why I Love Disrespecting My Elders Essay

Coming from a Filipino family, my parents taught me to use po and opo every time I will be talking to elders and of course, to never dare to talk back constantly telling me that these show evaluate. In addition, my former teachers would also repeat to me that I should always respect my elders. Since I was too young then and still incapable of thinking thoroughly, I used to believe that was the proper intimacy to do. It was a good thing I realized it is not. Do not get me wrong. I value the word respect a lot that I see it as if it is something sacred. see for me is the third most precious, priceless gift a person could possibly give to some nonpareil (no liaison what their age is), next to fare and time. Therefore for me, earning one and only(a)s respect is a privilege.A privilege that should only be granted to those throng who truly deserve them a privilege that could only be gained if one has done an act worthy of praise and admiration. Unfortunately, many Filipinos think o f respect as something that it is mandatory to give to anyone who is older than them. But does it feel right showing respect to people you have seen doing unjust things to others only because they are older? Because in my case, it surely gives me a nausea when I am anticipate to greet a teacher Good morning when I already heard her telling snide remarks to one of her students before. I also disrespect people who are in position but clearly have no idea of what their job is about and what they should be doing.I have encountered a derive of secretaries or persons in authority who would converse with me on formal matters and would speak to and address me as if I was just their high school friend, their little sister, and the strap of all, was one of their maids. As persons in authority who are engaged to talking to people every day, they should be mindful enough of how they would treat their clients. No matter how high ones position is, I would never respect him if he acts like an u neducated person who is rude, arrogant, and impolite. And if in case he gets equipment casualty by my usual disrespectful actsbeing frank and straight-forward of my thoughtsI would never apologize, because he needs to know that what he was doing with his clients is wrong, and someone has to point it out to him, no matter how harsh it may sound.Lastly, I disrespect them because they are not always right and they could be corrected. Being older does not mean one is already more intelligent, although they could be wiser due to theirexperiences, but still there is a possibility that some of todays generation is smarter than of their parents generation. So I believe that letting the elders do away with their wrong philosophies in life would do no good to any side of the parties. I believe that having the courage to disrespect my elders does not only mean that I could step up for myself and express my opinion on what I think is right, but also it could back up the elders to think and r eflect more on their views of things, which for me is a good thing.To sum everything up, all I want to say is the reason why I love disrespecting older people is because I care for them. I want them to become better individuals for themselves and for the people they are interacting with every day in their own personalized lives. All that for the hope that someday, everyone would become aware of how they affect their community and see their mistakes and realize what they must do to become better citizens of this country.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-one

DaenerysWhen the battle was d wizard, Dany rode her silver with the fields of the dead. Her handmaids and the men of her khas came after, pleased and jesting among themselves.Dothraki hooves had torn the earth and trampled the rye and lentils into the ground, while arakhs and arrows had sown a terrible new crop and watered it with melodic line. Dying horses lifted their passports and screamed at her as she rode past. Wounded men moaned and prayed. Jaqqa rhan moved among them, the mercy men with their heavy axes, taking a harvest of heads from the dead and dying a interchangeable. After them would scurry a bus of sm exclusively female childs, pulling arrows from the corpses to fill their baskets. Last of all the dogs would come sniffing, lean and hungry, the feral pack that was never far andt joint the khalasar.The sheep had been dead bulkyest. There seemed to be thousands of them, macabre with flies, arrow shafts bristling from each carcass. Khal Ogos riders had done that, Dany knew no man of Drogos khalasar would be such a fool as to waste his arrows on sheep when there were shepherds besides to kill.The town was a acquit, black plumes of smoke roiling and tumbling as they rose into a hard blue sky. Beneath broken walls of dried the Great Compromiser, riders galloped back and forth, swingy their long whips as they herded the survivors from the smoking rubble. The women and children of Ogos khalasar walked with a sullen pride, even in defeat and bondage they were slaves now, still they seemed non to fear it. It was different with the townsfolk. Dany pitied them she remembered what terror matte up like. Mothers stumbled along with blank, dead faces, pulling sobbing children by the hand. There were only a few men among them, cripples and cowards and grandfathers.Ser Jorah give lingua to the people of this country named themselves the Lhazargonen, precisely the Dothraki called them haesh rakhi, the beloved Men. Once Dany might commit taken them for Dothraki, for they had the same copper skin and almond-shaped eyes. Now they looked alien to her, squat and flatbed-faced, their black hair cropped unnaturally short. They were herders of sheep and eaters of vegetables, and Khal Drogo said they belonged south of the river bend. The grass of the Dothraki sea was not meant for sheep.Dany saw one boy bolt and run for the river. A rider geld him off and dour him, and the others incase him in, cracking their whips in his face, running him this way and that. One galloped behind him, lashing him across the entirelytocks until his t high gears ran red with blood. Another snared his ankle with a lash and direct him sprawling. Finally, when the boy could only crawl, they grew bored of the sport and put an arrow through his back.Ser Jorah met her outside the shattered gate. He wore a non-white green surcoat everyplace his mail. His gauntlets, greaves, and greathelm were dark grey steel. The Dothraki had mocked him for a coward whe n he donned his armor, but the knight had spit insults right back in their teeth, tempers had flared, longsword had clashed with arakh, and the rider whose taunts had been loudest had been left behind to bleed to death.Ser Jorah lifted the neb of his flat-topped greathelm as he rode up. Your lord husband awaits you within the town.Drogo took no harm?A few cuts, Ser Jorah answered, nothing of consequence. He messiness two khals this day. Khal Ogo first, and thus the son, Fogo, who became khal when Ogo fell. His bloodriders cut the bells from their hair, and now Khal Drogos every step rings louder than before.Ogo and his son had shared the high bench with her lord husband at the naming feast where Viserys had been crowned, but that was in Vaes Dothrak, beneath the Mother of Mountains, where every rider was a brother and all quarrels were put aside. It was different out in the grass. Ogos khalasar had been attacking the town when Khal Drogo caught him. She wondered what the love Me n had thought, when they first saw the dust of their horses from atop those cracked-mud walls. Perhaps a few, the younger and more foolish who still believed that the gods heard the prayers of desperate men, took it for deliverance.Across the road, a girl no older than Dany was sobbing in a high thin voice as a rider shoved her over a scope of corpses, facedown, and thrust himself inside her. Other riders dismounted to take their turns. That was the sort of deliverance the Dothraki brought the Lamb Men.I am the blood of the dragon, Daenerys Targaryen reminded herself as she turned her face away. She pressed her lips in concert and hardened her heart and rode on toward the gate.Most of Ogos riders fled, Ser Jorah was saying. Still, there may be as many as ten thousand captives.Slaves, Dany thought. Khal Drogo would drive them downriver to one of the towns on Slavers Bay. She wanted to cry, but she told herself that she must be strong. This is war, this is what it looks like, this is the price of the Iron Throne.Ive told the khal he ought to make for Meereen, Ser Jorah said. Theyll pay a better price than hed get from a slaving caravan. Illyrio writes that they had a plague last year, so the brothels are paying double for healthy young girls, and triple for boys under ten. If enough children survive the journey, the gold pass on buy us all the ships we need, and hire men to sail them.Behind them, the girl being raped made a heartrending sound, a long sobbing wail that went on and on and on. Danys hand clenched hard around the reins, and she turned the silvers head. Make them stop, she commanded Ser Jorah.Khaleesi? The knight sounded perplexed.You heard my words, she said. Stop them. She spoke to her khas in the harsh accents of Dothraki. Jhogo, Quaro, you get out aid Ser Jorah. I want no rape.The warriors exchanged a baffled look.Jorah Mormont spurred his horse closer. Princess, he said, you have a gentle heart, but you do not understand. This is how it ha s always been. Those men have shed blood for the khal. Now they claim their reward.Across the road, the girl was still crying, her high singsong tongue strange to Danys ears. The first man was done with her now, and a second had taken his place.She is a lamb girl, Quaro said in Dothraki. She is nothing, Khaleesi. The riders do her honor. The Lamb Men rest with sheep, it is known.It is known, her handmaid Irri echoed.It is known, agreed Jhogo, astride the tall grey stallion that Drogo had given him. If her wailing offends your ears, Khaleesi, Jhogo will engage you her tongue. He drew his arakh.I will not have her harmed, Dany said. I claim her. Do as I command you, or Khal Drogo will know the reason why.Ai, Khaleesi, Jhogo replied, kicking his horse. Quaro and the others followed his lead, the bells in their hair chiming.Go with them, she commanded Ser Jorah.As you command. The knight gave her a curious look. You are your brothers sister, in truth.Viserys? She did not understand.No , he answered. Rhaegar. He galloped off.Dany heard Jhogo shout. The rapers laughed at him. One man shouted back. Jhogos arakh flashed, and the mans head went tumbling from his shoulders. Laughter turned to curses as the horsemen reached for weapons, but by then Quaro and Aggo and Rakharo were there. She saw Aggo point across the road to where she sat upon her silver. The riders looked at her with cold black eyes. One spat. The others scattered to their mounts, muttering.All the while the man atop the lamb girl continued to plunge in and out of her, so intent on his pleasure that he seemed unaware of what was going on around him. Ser Jorah dismounted and wrenched him off with a mailed hand. The Dothraki went sprawling in the mud, bounced up with a knife in hand, and died with Aggos arrow through his throat. Mormont pulled the girl off the pile of corpses and wrapped her in his blood-spattered cloak. He led her across the road to Dany. What do you want done with her?The girl was tremb ling, her eyes wide and vague. Her hair was matted with blood. Doreah, see to her hurts. You do not have a riders look, perhaps she will not fear you. The rest, with me. She urged the silver through the broken wooden gate.It was worse inside the town. Many of the houses were afire, and the jaqqa rhan had been about their grisly work. Headless corpses filled the narrow, twisty lanes. They passed other women being raped. Each time Dany reined up, send her khas to make an end to it, and claimed the victim as slave. One of them, a thick-bodied, flat-nosed charr of forty years, blessed Dany haltingly in the Common Tongue, but from the others she got only flat black stares. They were suspicious of her, she realized with sadness afraid that she had saved them for some worse fate.You cannot claim them all, child, Ser Jorah said, the fourth time they stopped, while the warriors of her khas herded her new slaves behind her.I am khaleesi, heir to the Seven Kingdoms, the blood of the dragon, D any reminded him. It is not for you to severalize me what I cannot do. Across the city, a building collapsed in a great gout of fire and smoke, and she heard distant screams and the wailing of frightened children.They found Khal Drogo seated before a square windowless temple with thick mud walls and a bulbous loft like some immense brown onion. Beside him was a pile of heads taller than he was. One of the short arrows of the Lamb Men stuck through the meat of his upper arm, and blood covered the left side of his bare chest like a splash of paint. His tether bloodriders were with him.Jhiqui helped Dany dismount she had grown clumsy as her belly grew bigger and heavier. She knelt before the khal. My sun-and-stars is wounded. The arakh cut was wide but shallow his left nipple was gone, and a flap of bloody flesh and skin dangled from his chest like a wet rag.Is scratch, moon of life, from arakh of one bloodrider to Khal Ogo, Khal Drogo said in the Common Tongue. I kill him for it, a nd Ogo too. He turned his head, the bells in his braid ringing softly. Is Ogo you hear, and Fogo his khalakka, who was khal when I slew him.No man can stand before the sun of my life, Dany said, the father of the stallion who mounts the world.A mounted warrior rode up and vaulted from his saddle. He spoke to Haggo, a stream of angry Dothraki too fast for Dany to understand. The huge bloodrider gave her a heavy look before he turned to his khal This one is Mago, who rides in the khas of Ko Jhaqo. He says the khaleesi has taken his spoils, a daughter of the lambs who was his to mount.Khal Drogos face was still and hard, but his black eyes were curious as they went to Dany. Tell me the truth of this, moon of my life, he commanded in Dothraki.Dany told him what she had done, in his own tongue so the khal would understand her better, her words simple and direct.When she was done, Drogo was frowning. This is the way of war. These women are our slaves now, to do with as we please.It please s me to hold them safe, Dany said, wondering if she had dared too much. If your warriors would mount these women, let them take them gently and keep them for wives. Give them places in the khalasar and let them bear you sons. Qotho was ever the cruelest of the bloodriders. It was he who laughed. Does the horse breed with the sheep?Something in his tone reminded her of Viserys. Dany turned on him angrily. The dragon feeds on horse and sheep alike.Khal Drogo smiled. See how fierce she grows he said. It is my son inside her, the stallion who mounts the world, filling her with his fire. Ride slowly, Qotho . . . if the mother does not burning you where you sit, the son will trample you into the mud. And you, Mago, hold your tongue and find another lamb to mount. These belong to my khaleesi. He started to reach out a hand to Daenerys, but as he lifted his arm Drogo grimaced in sudden pain and turned his head.Dany could almost feel his agony. The wounds were worse than Ser Jorah had led h er to believe. Where are the healers? she demanded. The khalasar had two sorts thriftlessness women and eunuch slaves. The herbwomen dealt in potions and spells, the eunuchs in knife, prick, and fire. Why do they not attend the khal?The khal move the hairless men away, Khaleesi, old Cohollo assured her. Dany saw the bloodrider had taken a wound himself a deep gash in his left shoulder.Many riders are hurt, Khal Drogo said stubbornly. Let them be healed first. This arrow is no more than the bite of a fly, this little cut only a new scar to boast of to my son.Dany could see the muscles in his chest where the skin had been cut away. A trickle of blood ran from the arrow that pierced his arm. It is not for Khal Drogo to wait, she proclaimed. Jhogo, seek out these eunuchs and bring them here at once.Silver Lady, a womans voice said behind her, I can help the Great rider with his hurts.Dany turned her head. The speaker was one of the slaves she had claimed, the heavy, flat-nosed woman who had blessed her.The khal needs no help from women who lie with sheep, barked Qotho. Aggo, cut out her tongue.Aggo grabbed her hair and pressed a knife to her throat.Dany lifted a hand. No. She is mine. Let her speak.Aggo looked from her to Qotho. He lowered his knife.I meant no wrong, fierce riders. The woman spoke Dothraki well. The robes she wore had once been the lightest and finest of woolens, rich with embroidery, but now they were mud-caked and bloody and ripped. She clutched the torn cloth of her bodice to her heavy breasts. I have some small skill in the healing arts.Who are you? Dany asked her.I am named Mirri Maz Duur. I am godswife of this temple.Maegi, grunted Haggo, fingering his arakh. His look was dark. Dany remembered the word from a terrifying story that Jhiqui had told her one night by the cookfire. A maegi was a woman who lay with demons and practiced the blackest of sorceries, a vile thing, evil and soulless, who came to men in the dark of night and sucked l ife and strength from their bodies.I am a healer, Mirri Maz Duur said.A healer of sheeps, sneered Qotho. Blood of my blood, I say kill this maegi and wait for the hairless men.Dany ignored the bloodriders outburst. This old, homely, thickbodied woman did not look like a maegi to her. Where did you learn your healing, Mirri Maz Duur?My mother was godswife before me, and taught me all the songs and spells most pleasing to the Great Shepherd, and how to make the sacred smokes and ointments from leaf and root and berry. When I was younger and more fair, I went in caravan to Asshai by the Shadow, to learn from their mages. Ships from many lands come to Asshai, so I lingered long to study the healing ways of distant peoples. A moonsinger of the Jogos Nhai gifted me with her birthing songs, a woman of your own riding people taught me the magics of grass and corn and horse, and a maester from the Sunset Lands opened a body for me and showed me all the secrets that hide beneath the skin.Ser Jorah Mormont spoke up. A maester?Marwyn, he named himself, the woman replied in the Common Tongue. From the sea. Beyond the sea. The Seven Lands, he said. Sunset Lands. Where men are iron out and dragons rule. He taught me this speech.A maester in Asshai, Ser Jorah mused. Tell me, Godswife, what did this Marwyn wear about his neck?A chain so tight it was like to choke him, Iron Lord, with connect of many metals.The knight looked at Dany. Only a man trained in the Citadel of Oldtown wears such a chain, he said, and such men do know much of healing.Why should you want to help my khal?All men are one flock, or so we are taught, replied Mirri Maz Duur. The Great Shepherd sent me to earth to heal his lambs, wherever I might find them.Qotho gave her a stinging slap. We are no sheep, maegi.Stop it, Dany said angrily. She is mine. I will not have her harmed.Khal Drogo grunted. The arrow must come out, Qotho.Yes, Great Rider, Mirri Maz Duur answered, touching her bruised face. And your br east must be washed and sewn, lest the wound fester.Do it, then, Khal Drogo commanded.Great Rider, the woman said, my tools and potions are inside the gods house, where the healing powers are strongest.I will carry you, blood of my blood, Haggo offered.Khal Drogo waved him away. I need no mans help, he said, in a voice chivalrous and hard. He stood, unaided, towering over them all. A fresh wave of blood ran down his breast, from where Ogos arakh had cut off his nipple. Dany moved quickly to his side. I am no man, she whispered, so you may lean on me. Drogo put a huge hand on her shoulder. She took some of his weight as they walked toward the great mud temple. The three bloodriders followed. Dany commanded Ser Jorah and the warriors of her khas to guard the entrance and make certain no one set the building afire while they were still inside.They passed through a series of anterooms, into the high central chamber under the onion. Faint light shone down through hidden windows above. A few torches burnt smokily from sconces on the walls. Sheepskins were scattered across the mud floor. There, Mirri Maz Duur said, pointing to the altar, a massive blue-veined stone carved with images of shepherds and their flocks. Khal Drogo lay upon it. The old woman threw a handful of dried leaves onto a brazier, filling the chamber with fragrant smoke. dress hat if you wait outside, she told the rest of them.We are blood of his blood, Cohollo said. Here we wait.Qotho stepped close to Mirri Maz Duur. Know this, wife of the Lamb God. Harm the khal and you suffer the same. He drew his skinning knife and showed her the blade.She will do no harm. Dany felt she could trust this old, plainfaced woman with her flat nose she had saved her from the hard hands of her rapers, after all.If you must stay, then help, Mirri told the bloodriders. The Great Rider is too strong for me. Hold him still while I draw the arrow from his flesh. She let the rags of her gown fall to her waist as she opene d a carved chest, and busied herself with bottles and boxes, knives and needles. When she was ready, she broke off the barbed arrowhead and pulled out the shaft, chanting in the singsong tongue of the Lhazareen. She heated a flagon of wine to boiling on the brazier, and poured it over his wounds. Khal Drogo cursed her, but he did not move. She bound the arrow wound with a plaster of wet leaves and turned to the gash on his breast, smearing it with a brainsick green paste before she pulled the flap of skin back in place. The khal ground his teeth together and swallowed a scream. The godswife took out a silver needle and a bobbin of silk thread and began to close the flesh. When she was done she painted the skin with red ointment, covered it with more leaves, and bound the breast in a rag piece of lambskin. You must say the prayers I give you and keep the lambskin in place for ten days and ten nights, she said. There will be fever, and itching, and a great scar when the healing is d one.Khal Drogo sat, bells ringing. I sing of my scars, sheep woman. He flexed his arm and scowled.Drink neither wine nor the milk of the poppy, she cautioned him. Pain you will have, but you must keep your body strong to fight the poison spirits.I am khal, Drogo said. I spit on pain and drink what I like. Cohollo, bring my vest. The older man hastened off.Before, Dany said to the ugly Lhazareen woman, I heard you speak of birthing songs . . . I know every secret of the bloody bed, Silver Lady, nor have I ever lost a babe, Mirri Maz Duur replied.My time is near, Dany said. I would have you attend me when he comes, if you would.Khal Drogo laughed. Moon of my life, you do not ask a slave, you tell her. She will do as you command. He jumped down from the altar. Come, my blood. The stallions call, this place is ashes. It is time to ride.Haggo followed the khal from the temple, but Qotho lingered long enough to favor Mirri Maz Duur with a stare. Remember, maegi, as the khal fares, so shal l you.As you say, rider, the woman answered him, gathering up her jars and bottles. The Great Shepherd guards the flock.

Economics Practice Exam Questions

1. A trade quotais an explicit limit on the meat of exports of a dear from a country.is an explicit limit on the amount of imports of a favorable into a country.is a taxation only on exports.is a tax only on imports.2. An import tariffis an explicit limit on the amount of exports of a good from a country.is an explicit limit on the amount of imports of a good into a country.is a tax only on exports.is a tax only on imports.3. While an import tariff on a good will both raise the domestic hurt of that good and its domestic production levels, a quotawill not raise the domestic price but will increase the amount of the good produced domestically.will raise the domestic price but will not increase the amount of the good produced domestically.will both raise the domestic price and increase the amount of the good produced domestically.will neither raise the domestic price nor increase the amount of the good produced domestically.4. If the clam price of the German mark increases, then the German crossbreed has appreciated while the U.S. dollar has depreciated.the German Mark has depreciated while the U.S. dollar has appreciated.both the German Mark and the U.S. dollar have depreciated.both the German Mark and the U.S. dollar have appreciated.5. An exchange rate measuresthe price at which one can exchange one good for another good.the price at which one can exchange one resource for another resource.the discounted price one received when returning defective goods for exchange.the price at which one can exchange one currency for another currency.6. Consider the following two statementsThe U.S. dollar will depreciate when U.S. Demand for unusual goods increases.The U.S. dollar will depreciate in the present if the public believes that the U.S. dollar will depreciate in the future.both statements are true.both statements are false.I is true while II is false.I is false while II is true.

Compare & Contrast Mont Blanc & Tintern Abbey

Shelleys Mont Blanc and Wordsworths Tintern Abbey are poems written regarding temperament and its connection to benignantity, deities and the human consciousness these poems can be memorialise as a conversation between each other and their creators.A conversation where Shelley not only echoes and agrees with many of Wordsworths views regarding nature and its awe- inspiring beauty, ability to hex and the presence of majestical divinity amongst all told things subjective tho also, a conversational moment where Shelley steps away from Wordsworth by expressing different views regarding the type of power nature exudes and how nature should affect and effect the human consciousness and life.Where Wordsworth feels peace, Shelley feels fear Wordsworth sees himself amongst nature, Shelley sees himself amongst man and gains a greater understanding of the surrounding natural world. In the poems, Mont Blanc and Tintern Abbey their is a description of a landscape that, for the writer, the sight brings upon a philosophical questioning and reflection in which some(prenominal) writers gain a better and kabbalisticer birth with nature. In Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth writes And mountains and of all that we behold From this green background of all the mighty worldOf eye, and ear, both what they half create, And what perceive well pleased to recognize In nature and the language of the sense, (104-109) Wordsworth believes that the natural world they see and their mind are directly connected, a philosophy that Shelley agrees with and echoes in his writings of Mont Blanc I seem as in a enamor sublime and strange To muse on my own separate phantasy, My own, my human mind, which passively Now renders and receives fast influencing, Holding and unremitting interchange With the light up being of things around (35-40)Wordsworth writes of the eye and ear and their conjoined and equal creative force, meaning it is not only what is seen but also what is heard that works with the minds understanding of viewing the natural world. Neither man can look at nature without looking at their mind and pondering on their ability to aid in the creation of the scene that unfolds. For Shelley, it is not the eye nor ear of Wordsworths writings but quite it is My own, my human mind (MB 37) rapidly rendering and receiving a clear depiction of nature. Shelley echoes the musings of Wordsworth regarding a divine presence amongst the workings of nature.Wordsworth writes of A motion and a spirit that rolls through with(predicate) all things while Shelley writes of, The everlasting universe of things that flows through the mind. Shelleys poem echoes Wordsworths ideas by writing of a flowing movement to reflect upon Wordsworths rolling movement the use of both rowing depict a definitive unstoppable force, constant in motion, guided by unseen momentum and most importantly something that is being controlled by neither nature nor their minds this use relates both poems to that of a divine being or guiding force.While the inclusion of their mind in the experience and the presence of a greater being are in agreement, it is regarding the importance and feeling of humanity and the power of nature, are where the ideas and views of Wordsworth and Shelley begin to differ. Shelley diverts from the original musings of Wordsworth and that of Tintern Abbey regarding the feelings of nature altering or fetching over the soul, transforming it from that of human to that of nature.In Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth is one with nature he feels disconnected from humanity and his mind, body and soul work together with nature. When he thinks back to a circumstance scene and moment, he is then transported there and becomes one with the nature around him. No longer being a human witness but instead becoming a part of nature itself. Wordsworth writes Though changed, no doubt, from what I was when first I came among these hills when like a roeI bounded oer the mountains, by the sid es Of the deep rivers, and the lonely streams, Wherever nature led more like a man Flying from something that he dreads, than one Who sought the thing he loved. For nature then To me was all in all (66 75) Wordsworths relationship with nature is honest and nurturing, he gives life to the scene through his mind and in return the moment gives him peace and comfort, he steps away from his humanity and becomes one with nature.However, Shelleys view of nature differs from that of Wordsworths and is shown within his writings his relationship with nature is one at odds with man nature grows and lives to its immense inspired power and this display of power effects the ease and comfort of the human mind and humanity. The size, depth, danger, darkness and power of nature reminds him of his fragile humanity while also creating the question of how it can it be so powerful and all consuming when the human mind is its partial inventor.Wordsworth states that Nature never did betray the heart th at loved her (TA 122), Shelley believes, nature revels in its power, fear inducing and awe inspiring capabilities, imbalance and ability to make small of the human observing in its wake. Shelley believes nature tricks the human to believe it is inconsequential in not only relation to but also in opposition to nature he also proves nature dishonest in its created feelings of ease and safety. The fields, the lakes, the forests and the streams,Oceans, and all the living things that dwell With in the intricately formed earth lightning and rain Earthquake, and fiery flood, and hurricane. (84 87) In this passage, Shelley mentions the peaceful nature of Wordsworth, followed immediately by the nature he sees and feels the nature of power, destruction, instability, and terror. Shelley speaks of deception and secrets regarding the mighty mountain and its being from the slaphappy Ravine (MB 34) to some shade of thee, / Some phantom, some faint image (MB 46 47) and The glaciers that creep / Like snakes that watch there prey, from their far fountains, (MB 100 101) his use of these descriptions and words creates a strong feeling of uncertainty regarding the comfort and safety that is empowered in Wordsworths writings. Shelley turns away from the tame landscape with the quiet sky (TA 8), The banks of this pleasing stream (TA 150) and the clear, bright and exact view seen through Wordsworths mind and eye instead he gives us the wild and fantastic Thus thou, Ravine of Arve dark, deep Ravine-Thou many-coloured, many-voiced vale, Over whose pines, and crags, and caverns sail Fast cloud shadows and sunbeams awful scene Bursting through these dark mountains like the flame Of lightning through the tempest (12 19) The use of many-coloured and many-voiced, emphasizing the wild, untamed unpredictability that Shelley believes to be true in nature. Shelleys feeling of deception regarding nature and humanities place amongst it questions the answers Wordsworth has deposed upon D orothy and the reader in Tintern Abbey.Wordsworth is purely content accept nature to be the nurturing mother to his human imaginative and spiritual mind, there is no question or doubt within his mind that nature provide ease him in times of need, bring him life and peace when driven to thoughts of nature he feels that his mind is along for the ride that nature beauty has unveil and it will always result in a feeling of comfort, acceptance and oneness with the wilderness. However Shelley questions who is the nurturer, the creator and the holder of power.While we are minute in sensual size to the depth of nature and its beauty, the mind is the inventor of the feelings and visualizations of such sublimity. In other words, how does the human mind pale in comparison to the mighty godlike force of nature if the human mind is what created such a formidable foe And what were thou, and earth, and stars, and sea, / If to the human minds imaginings / Silence and solitude were vacancy? (MB 142 144).

Patriots in Lower Canada

Quebec is known as the homeland of the French-speaking Canadians. Its uniqueness in culture was guaranteed by the British North American deed of conveyance and is a cornerstone of Confederation. Prime Minister Pearson encouraged and advertised the idea of making the Canada as a homeland for French-Canadians and not merely for the Quebec. 1 In 1837, both Upper and Lower Canada had their rebellion debate the proposed union between the two halves of Canada.The Canadian Patriots who are the Quebecers would like to separate from the British colonialism and led themselves in any affair which for their own benefits. This rebellion was not materialized and there were twelve Patriots in Lower Canada who were lay out to death and hung in Montreal. Aside from that, there were sixty patriots who were exiled to Australia. In Upper Canadas case, the rebels who had rebellion were also sent to Australia. afterward this incident, the shorthorn cut across came out and tried to have solutions for the French-Canadian feud.2 According to Claude Belanger that Durham suggested the join of the Upper and Lower Canada into one legislative union having two administrations to institute responsible government as to remove a major source of friction that had existed between the government and elected officials prior 1837 to bring in the French. 3 _______________________ 1. Opinion Bridging the Solitudes. www. uni. ca/threads/d12. html 2. ibid. 3. C. Belanger. The Durham Report, the confederacy mold and the acquit of the Separatist/Federalist Attitudes. http//www2. marianopolis. edu/quebechistory/readings/durham.htm *Durham Report Durham report contributed much in the history of Canada. It was adapted to analyze the root causes of rebellions. Durhams report has four main topics these are the causes of conflict in Upper Canada, causes of conflict in Lower Canada, the Union of the Canadas and responsible government. 4 The earl of Durham whose name was fanny George Lambton introduce d the Durham report to the Colonial Office in February 4, 1839 but Durham report was consummated in January 1839 that was why it was officially introduced in the pursuance month by the said earl of Durham.5 After the rebellion in 1837, earl seat George Lampton was designated as governor general of British North America with special power as lord high commissioner6 to inspect colonial grievances. He arrived in the spring of 1838 in Quebec. The report of earl John George Lampton called Report on the Affairs of British North America was one of the most significant documents in the British Empire history. 7 The report on the affairs of British North America make by Durham report suggested reforms as the creation of municipal governments and a supreme court.According to David Mills on his website that Durham condemned the defective constitutional system in Upper Canada where power was monopolized by a petty, corrupt, brazen-faced Tory clique. Durham was suitable to narrate the dilemm as as racial and not political based in Lower Canada. He was able to found out that there were two nations fighting in the midpoint of one state. 8 __________________________ 4. Radical Jack and the Union of the Canadas. www. sd22. bc. ca/vss/library/CBenz/8-3. html 5. D Mills, Durham Report. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Thecanadianecyclopedia. com/index. cfm? PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002473 6.The History of Canada. Durham Report. www. linksnorth. com/canada-history/thedurham. htm 7. ibid. Durham suggested the assimilation of the French Canadians through the legislative union of the Canada to secure harmony and progress9 which they have had between 1791 and 1837. 10 This report of Durham was favored by the reformers in UC and NS which in favored the idea of responsible government but was not accepted by the Upper Canadas Tory elite. The Montreal Tories showed their support to the union for having a reason of finding it as a way of life of overcoming the French Canadian opposition for their plans in economic development . 11Durham report was mistakenly perceived more or less its suggestion in assimilating the French Canadians that it came from an intolerant, racist attitude. Durham had his three reasons why he suggested assimilation. The following reasons of Durham report are taken from Claude Belanger *There was, for a variety of reasons, some of which disclose credulity on the part of Durham, a deadly animosity between the English and the French and this made expeditious government of the province impossible. *One should consider who will dominate eventually on this undefiled the French of Canada will suffer the fate of the Acadians of Louisiana.If the French cling to their ancestral ways and language, in a continent increasingly dominated by the English, they will put increasingly in a position of pessimistic economic and social inferiority. *Because they are French, a spirit of __________________________ 8. Mills, op. cit. 9. ibid. 10. Belanger, op. cit. 11. ibid. exclusion (read they have been victims of discrimination) has unploughed them out of the better positions in government and business and has furthered their position of inferiority. 12As a whole, Durham report regarding his recommendations for separation of powers between colonial and imperial obligations was not accepted. He has one significant mistake of appraisal when he stated that the French-speaking Canadians might be influenced by a growing English-speaking majority. 14 When Earl John George Lampton was in Quebec for his few months of staying there, he was busy gathering information which was needed for his report. On the opposite hand, he was attacked by his political opponents at his own homeland and received great criticism from them.15 After few months of investigation, Earl John George Lampton was able to go home, England, to give his findings about the dilemmas in Canada. He was not able to witness the action that was taken according by his report because he was ill and died after. 16 and indeed, Durham report was able to played a significant role in the progress of Canadian autonomy. 17 12. Mills, op. cit. 13. C. Belanger 14. Mills, op. cit. 15. History of Canada, op. cit 16. 17. ibid. References 1. Opinion, Bridging the Solitudes.www. uni. ca/threads/d12. html 2. Claude Belanger. The Durham Report, the Union Act and the Birth of the Separatist/FederalistAttitudes. http//www2. marianopolis. edu/quebechistory/readings/durham. htm 3. D Mills, Durham Report. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Thecanadianecyclopedia. com/index. cfm? PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002473 4. The History of Canada. Durham Report. www. linksnorth. com/canada-history/thedurham. htm 5. Radical Jack and the Union of the Canadas. www. sd22. bc. ca/vss/library/CBenz/8-3. html

Investigatory Project Essay

1. Get an idea. All of the following steps leave al iodin base on your idea. own sure it doesnt break whatever rule or else you might get disqualified. You give the axe look to for it if you dont have any idea.2. Form a title. Usually titles are in a form of a query. This are examples. The call into question can start in how, does and many other. Does temperature affect the reaping of molds?Does salt affect the density of water?3. Research your idea. You have to know your idea more. You can do this by reading, surfing the Internet or discussing it. Knowing your idea more will help you puddle your reckon.4. Form a assumption. Hypothesis will be your prediction in the idea that you choose. You dont take away to explore for this. You just have to guess. Make sure it is accurate and clear.5. Plan your experiment. Your experiment will confirm your hypothesis. Make sure the experiment will dish outs or really confirms the hypothesis.6. Plan your materials. You will need on yo ur experiment. Make sure they are easy to buy and cheap. As much as possible, proposal materials that is already in your ho usance.7. Test your experiment. Use the steps that you have planed. If all else fails try a polar step or a different material. If you really want to win the science fair, this will be a big step for you.8. Observe the result. Sometimes it is in a form of a defend but it depends on your work. You can write it in a journal so you can reappraisal it.9. Have a conclusion. Now that you have confirmed your hypothesis, its time to write a conclusion. You can answer the question in your title. You may also tell if your hypothesis is correct or non. Again, defy sure it is accurate and clear.Most of us have conducted an investigatory science project with pop out scour learned itor at least without knowing thats what it was called. Most science experiments performed, from elementary to high develop students and all the way up to professional scientists, are inv estigatory projects.Whats an investigative Project on the button?An investigatory project is basically any science experiment where you start with an issue or riddle and conduct research or an investigation to decide what you think the outcome will be. After youve created your hypothesis orproposal, you can conduct a controlled experiment using the scientific method to get down at a conclusion.Whats the Scientific Method?Remember, however, that a successful investigatory science project does not necessarily have to result in the intended outcome. The purpose of these projects is to think critically, and if the solution doesnt work out, that doesnt mean your project will fail.What Kind of Investigatory Projects Are There?In put up to conduct a great investigatory experiment, you have to ask an interesting question and be open to conduct an experiment that can hopefully answer that question. The harder and more intriguing the initial question is, the mitigate the resulting inv estigation and experiment will be. Ive listed a a few(prenominal) examples below of some of the best investigatory experiments out there, so hopefully youll have no problem coming up with an idea.Project 1 Making Soap Out of GuavaBasic hygiene should be available to everyone, but what well-nigh people who consist in areas without easy access to grocery stores or pharmacies? This is a great question that makes you think about scientific alternatives to store-bought soap. Below is an example project that creates soap from guava riffle extract and sodium hydroxide, but theres no shortage of materials you can use to counterchange the guava, like coconut oil or a fat like lard, butter or even the grease from your kitchen.Doing an investigatory project considers as a major achievement of any students in Science. with scientific investigation, they learn how to apply the acquired knowledge, scientific concepts, theories, principles and laws of nature. They can use their higher-order p rocess or thinking skills in conducting a research. Let us provide you a brief description of the parts of the Science Investigatory Project Report below.TitleThe Title should be clear and precise. It has an objective or purpose. It should not be written too long or too short. By just reading the title, you can countersink what the investigative reckon is all about.AbstractThe Abstract should be one or ii paragraphs only. It includes your research problems, the method or procedure that you used and the findings or conclusion of the study.Chapter I1. initiation and Its BackgroundThe Introduction is about one page only wherein it includes the background of the study and its rationale. It usually leads into the research problem.2. Statement of the troubleThe Statement of the Problem has two categories namely the general problem and specific problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific problems which derived from the general problem. The research problems should be spe cific, reliable,valid, measurable, objectively stated. It can be a question form or in a declarative statement.3. Formulation of the HypothesisThe Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely the null hypothesis and affirmative hypothesis. Hypotheses is a scientific guess which intends subject for thorough investigation. It is recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project.4. Significant of the readingThe Significant of the Study indicates how important is your investigatory project for the people, environment and community as a whole. It is really relevant in the changing human beings or global impact into the field of technology.5. Scope and Delimitation of the StudyThe Scope and Delimitation of the Study covers the range of your research. It includes the period of research, the materials and equipment to be used, the subject of the study or the exemplification of the study, the procedure and the statistical manipulation to be used.6. Definition of TermsThe Definition of Terms has two types the Dictionary-derived definitions and the Operational definitions which derived from how these terms were used in your research.Chapter IIReview of Related Literature and StudiesRelated LiteratureThe Related Literature are statements taken from science books, journals, magazines, newspapers and any documents from authorized scientists, Science experts or well-known Science agencies. These statements can support your study through their concepts, theories, principles and laws. Footnoting is important on this part.Related StudiesThe Related Studies are those researches which may be local and remote studies who can attribute to your research or can support your investigation scientifically. Footnoting is also important on this part.Chapter IIIMethodology has several parts namely the subject of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment1. The theater of operations of the StudyThe Subject of the Study includes your population and the samp le. It applies the sampling techniques to obtain a good sample of the study. Your sample should be valid and reliable.2. The ProcedureThe Procedure is the step by step and systematic process of doing your research. It includes the materials with secure amount of measurements, the appropriate equipment to be used in doing the scientific investigation. It consists of several trials with control variables, in restricted variables and dependent variables. Gathering of information is essential in any kind of research. It is recommended to use control and experimental set-ups to arrive at valid conclusion.3. The Statistical TreatmentThe Statistical Treatment comes in various ways. It can be mean, median, mode, percentage, Chi-square, standard deviation, T-test, Pearson r, Spearman rank or Anova I or Anova II. It is recommended to use T-test in any experimental research.Chapter IVPresentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data1. Presentation of Data, Analysis and Interpretation of Data The data gathered should be presented in order to be analyzed. It may be presented in two forms namely through table or graph. You may use both of them if you want to clearly figure out your data. A table has labels with quantity, description and units of measurement. Graph has several types namely theline graph, bar graph, pie graph and pictograph. choose what type of graph that you prefer to use. Analyze the data that had been gathered, presented in table or graph scientifically. You interpret the data according to what had been quantified and measured. The numerical data should be interpreted clearly in simple and descriptive statements.2. ResultsResults show the findings or outcomes of your investigation. The result must be based according to the interpreted data.Chapter VSummary, closure and Recommendation1. SummaryThe Summary briefly summarizes your research from Chapter I to Chapter IV which includes the research problems, methodology and findings. It consists of one or two paragraphs only.2. ConclusionThe Conclusion is the direct statement based on findings or results. It should answer your hypothesis and research problems.3. RecommendationThe Recommendation is given based on your conclusion. You may give few recommendations which you think can help the fellow Science students, researchers, consumers or the entire community where people live in.

Campaign Threats or Implied Promise of Benefits

Did the employer statements constitute an unlawful threat or an unlawful promise in violation of component while 8(a)(1) of the LMRA? Why or why non? Yes, the employer statements were unlawful. The NLRA guaranteed workers the right to join marriages without fear of management reprisal. It created the National exertion Relations Board (NLRB) to enforce this right and prohibited employers from committing unfair labor party practices that might discourage organizing or prevent workers from negotiating a union contract.Employees shall have the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain conjointly through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection. Section 8 defines employer unfair labor practices. Employer interference, restraint, or coercion direct against union or collective activity (Section 8(a)(1)), was violated in this case study.Threats, warnings, and orders to refrain from protected activities ar forms of interference and coercion that violate Section 8(a)(1). Section 8 also prohibits union unfair labor practices, which include, according to legal construction, failure to provide fair representation to all members of the bargaining unit. The NLRA sets out world(a) rights and obligation. Enforcing the Act in particular situations is the job of the NLRB. Did the questioning or statements by either supervisor Bates or Lofton constitute unlawful interrogation in violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the LMRA?Explain fully why or why non. As mentioned in the first question, yes it was unlawful interrogation. These supervisors were desperately trying to get the employees to vote against the union. In the event that they were successful at having all of their employees to vote against the union, rough of them may have been unhappy and toughened unfairly. Without representation, an employee will lose mos t battles against companies, unless they have solid proof of the employers wrongfulnessdoing.In the case I notice how the supervisors both told employees about the reduction in their benefits. They were trying to substance abuse sc are tactics because they have intercourse batch destiny their benefits. The supervisors see to want to make these promising decisions when in fact they should have been offering these things to the employees in the first place. It doesnt make sense to try to make things better to keep from acquiring the union involved. The plant manager was trying to convince the employees that they are able to handle things without the union acquiring involved.The manager tried to formulate that the unions are known for making broken promises, but it seems as if that is what the employer was doing. fall apart a set of guidelines for supervisors and managers to prolong when speaking to employees during a union organizing campaign. Employers should not threaten e mployees during an organizing campaign, but economical predictions regarding matters outside of the employers control, which are demonstrable, may be made. The employer should refrain from inflaming racial hatred.They should listen to what the employee has to say and advise them that they are able to speak with anyone on the management staff without union representation. They should advise the employees of the benefits that they are currently enjoying however there is no need to make a threat to take out-of-door any benefits or reduce the cost. In the event that an employee is being insubordinate, they will need to continue to follow companys policies and guidelines however they will need to make sure they have sufficient demo to support their decision.The NLRB prohibits employers from holding captive audience meetings 24 hours prior to the election, because insufficient time will pull through for the union to respond therefore if they decide to hold a meeting it will have to be within reasonable times. There should be a companionable media policy in place and much(prenominal) policy should be clear and understandable to the average employee. The NLRBs rulings have in large part turned on the ambiguities of social media policies, and the possibility that employees may misunderstand the policies to bar protected activities. A social media policy must not be overbroad.Policies should be narrowly drawn to address the employers countenance policy objectives (for example, preventing the disclosure of the companys proprietary information via social media or restricting the use of social media to engage in harassing conduct that would violate the companys anti-discrimination and harassment policies). Employers will not like what the unions are trying to do, but this does not give them the right to talk down on the unions. When employers talk to employees during a union organizing campaign, they will need to be mindful of what they are saying.Sometimes people t alk too much and a supervisor or manager could cause an employer to have a lawsuit. Within the guidelines, I suggest the managers and supervisors to keep their negative thoughts to themselves. This will eliminate someone saying the wrong thing and will allow the employees to make a valid decision based on their own thoughts and opinions. Explain fully how the NLRB should rule in this case and why. The NLRB should rule that the employer is in violation because of the things the supervisors said. This may not be the first time or maybe it is however it should not go unnoticed and that is what some would like to see.In this case, the employees are being threatened about their benefits and wages. They are also making it seem as if they dont need a union, when in fact they seem to really need someone there to represent the employees. The company also threatened two of the union supporters. When the supervisor conscious that if they strike, there are more people waiting for their jobs ap parently that supervisor is not aware of the employee rights with the union behind them. The employer has to hold their jobs when they go on strike.